It is not known how large the Deep Web is, but many experts estimate that search engines crawl and index less than 1% of all Web content that can be accessed over the internet. That part of the Internet which is crawled and indexed by search engines is sometimes referred to as the surface Web which is what we are used to surfing.

Many of the hacks we have used in this course, and to test ship’s equipment, are readily available to download form the deep web.

*Source: You tube video  www.youtube.com/watch?v=kigKU6eEpOQ

Definition of Cyber Security – “measures taken to protect a computer or computer system (as on the Internet) against unauthorised access or attack”

Definition of cyber – “Relating to or characteristic of the culture of computers, information technology, and virtual reality.”

Definition of Cyber Attack – “An attempt by hackers to damage or destroy a computer network or system. “

Definition of Cyber Terror – “An organisation, working independently of a nation state, conducting terrorist activities through the medium of cyberspace.”

Definition of Cyber Crime – Conducted by individuals working alone, or in organised groups, intent on extracting money, data or causing disruption, cyber crime can take many forms, including the acquisition of credit/debit card data and intellectual property, and impairing the operations of a website or service.

*Above Image and quote Source: MBN (Market Business News)

A hacker is somebody who gains unauthorised access to computers, in order to access data by breaking password codes. To hack means to break a password code, hence the name of the person. Anybody who deliberately gains access to a protected computer system is a hacker. People hack into systems either to gather information, shut down systems, or simply for the thrill of it.

Definition of Cyber War – A nation state conducting sabotage and espionage against another nation in order to cause disruption or to extract data. This could involve the use of Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs).

Definition of Cyberspace – The notional environment in which communication over computer networks occurs.

Ransomware – A type of malware which restricts access to the computer system that it infects. Ransomware encrypts data on your PC so you can’t access or use your files. Normally many Ransomware attacks won’t unencrypt your data until you pay a large fee to do so.

Cyber espionage – Is becoming the weapon of choice for many national governments – no matter how tight-lipped they may be about any involvement in such activities to undermine their enemies. As Nesbitt said, “the next world war will be fought on a keyboard,” We should expect cyber espionage attacks to increase in frequency in 2016.

Cyber Theft – The stealing of financial information is nothing new. With stolen credit or debit card data on the black market, this makes for a well-established and lucrative business for cyber criminals.

Insecure Passwords – Easy to crack passwords will continue to be a big risk and is likely to be the first year when the password starts to be phased out in favour of a number of different multi-factor options. Next year may well be the first year of multi-factor by default,”Digital Shadows”, a cyber threat intelligence company said.

Internet of things – The ‘Internet of Things’ is a term that describes a world in which physical devices like home appliances and cars are connected to the Internet and can be synced so users can control everything from a single app. The Internet of Things will be integrated into every market you can think of and especially the marine industry network to save money and time, but it hasn’t been designed with security in mind. There are millions of hackers out there that could compromise these interconnected systems. We have sacrificed security for efficiency.

What could go wrong?

There are already numerous anecdotal incidents relating to ship hacking through satellite terminals. A number of ‘white hat’ or ethical hackers and security researchers have shown that compromise of these terminals is relatively easy. Their findings were first published in 2017, shortly followed by a real-time map of ships, located by their satellite terminal.

It is a natural progression that less ethical hackers will already know about these issues in terminal equipment and be exploiting them for gain.

It is very difficult to gather statistics about hacking incidents as operators are understandably reluctant to publish data.

The act of hacking is where a person is able to view, create and edit your computers files and software. Doing this enables them to see your screen, use your webcam, and see what you type and pretty much everything you do.

Computer Hacking is the practice of modifying computer hardware and software to accomplish a goal outside of the creators original purpose.

Hacking is most common among teenagers and young adults…

Image above: Paul (12)  says that the Bluetooth and Wi-Fi connections that we use almost every day are extremely vulnerable to hacking. “I’ll never connect to a public Wi-Fi that I don’t know,” he said. “Somebody can just hack into that Wi-Fi network and poison it.”

He showed CBS News correspondent David Begnaud first-hand how a hacker’s poison can spread through a Wi-Fi signal. In just seconds he obtained the reporter’s Twitter username and password using a fake page he had cloned, after Begnaud connected to his public Wi-Fi network.

Do we allow external contractors/visitors or temporary staff access to a public account?