OT systems control the physical world and IT systems manage data.

OT systems differ from traditional IT systems.

OT is hardware and software that directly monitors/controls physical devices and processes. Think of it as a closed loop system, no external involvement, where you physically control one end to another.

IT covers the spectrum of technologies for information processing, including software, hardware, and communication technologies. Think of it as adding an external link that can control your closed loop. Such as a canal system that can now be opened from a different location. This is because it will now be controlled by a management system that will most likely be controlling more than just one canal system.

Traditionally OT and IT have been separated, but with the internet, OT and IT are coming closer as historically stand-alone systems are becoming integrated.

Now imagine the Canal system is run by computers for efficiency.  Old “Operator” roles are now automated and connected to a bigger management system via the internet.  More efficient with complete control and less physical work. However, should one element of the system break, it may have an impact on all the other elements.  The analogy within shipping is that in a fully integrated bridge/engine/cargo management system, one element breaking may affect others.  Now add in the idea of almost unlimited crew both on board and ashore have the ability to control any of those elements.

Cyber awareness is not just about the external hacker, it is also about the internal operator who may not be aware of the implications of their actions within a large integrated system.